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摘要 基于日本的全國体育场地普查资料，采用数理统计、对比分析等方法，对日本体育场地的数量与结构变化、地区分布、数量排名、规模特征、指定管理者导入、配建标准、体育指导员配置，以及学校体育场地对外开放的对象、形态、频度等进行统计与比较分析。结果表明：日本的体育场地具有多部门参与建设、鼓励民间投资、整体质量较高、体育空间布局较为完善等优点;但也存在因学校合并、财政支出减少等因素致使场馆数量下降，学校场地预约手续繁琐，部分场地申请使用不便等现实困境。基于分析结果，提出对我国体育场地发展的启示：简化体育场地普查指标，减轻调查工作难度;加强体育场地普查部门合作，建立统计长效机制;转变政府职能，加强场馆市场运营主体培育;协调政府各部门体育场地建设责任，建立联动式目标执行体系;从供给侧优化体育场地资源配置，加强中小规模场馆建设;依托各类场馆成立体育俱乐部，提高公共体育服务品质;引导学校体育场地分类开放，并纳入教育部门考评体系。
关键词 日本体育场地; 学校体育场地; 场地管理; 场地普查; 公共体育服务
中图分类号 G813 文献标志码 A
文章编号 1000⁃5498（2019）05-0007-12
DOI 10.16099/j.sus.2019.05.002
Abstract By using the methods of mathematical statistics and comparative analysis， the study explored the quantitative and structural changes of sports field in Japan， its regional distribution， quantity ranking， scale characteristics， importing the designated manager， the standard for construction of sports field， the allocation of sports instructors and the opening object， form， as well as the frequency of school sports fields， etc. It states that Japan has an over-all high quality of sports field operation and sports space layout， with a multiple sectors’ participation in the construction of sports field and the prominent nongovernmental investment in sports field. On the other hand， however， there are difficulties including the decline of the number of venues， the complex school sports field booking procedures and usage inconvenience of field application brought about by school merger or reduction of financial expenditure. It puts forward the enlightenment to China as follows： to simplify the sports field survey indicators to reduce the difficulty of investigation; to strengthen the cooperation among the census departments and establish a long-term statistical mechanism; to transform government functions and strengthen the cultivation of market operators; to coordinate the construction responsibility in various government departments and establish a linked target execution system; to optimize facility resources allocation from the supply side and strengthen the construction of medium and small-sized sports venues; to rely on various stadiums to develop sports clubs to improve the quality of public sports services; to guide schools to classify the open of sports field， and integrate into the department of education evaluation system， and so on.
Keywords sports field of Japan; school sports field; field management; field survey; public sports service
Author’s address 1. School of Physical Education， Soochow University， Suzhou 215021， Jiangsu， China; 2. Jiangsu Sports Industry and Health Research Institute， Soochow University， Suzhou 215021， Jiangsu， China; 3. Soochow Xiangcheng Experimental Middle School， Suzhou 215021， Jiangsu，China