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摘要 ：為了分析在聚块大小不同时天敌对假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gothe空间上跟随关系的密切程度、聚集原因和聚集范围，为评价假眼小绿叶蝉的天敌优势种提供科学依据，用聚块样方方差分析法、灰色关联度法、空间聚集强度指数、种群聚集均数法和ρ指数法对安徽省合肥市‘乌牛早’和‘白毫早’茶园不同大小聚块条件下的假眼小绿叶蝉及其7种蜘蛛类的天敌空间关系进行分析。假眼小绿叶蝉与其7种蜘蛛类天敌均方差峰值时的聚块样方数的关联度分析结果表明：‘乌牛早’茶园中与假眼小绿叶蝉空间上跟随关系密切的前四种天敌依次是茶色新圆蛛Neoscona theisi （0.753 5）、八斑球腹蛛Theridion octomaculatum （0.720 1）、锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa （0.681 3）和草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum （0.644 2）。‘白毫早’茶园中与假眼小绿叶蝉空间上跟随关系密切的前四种天敌依次是粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola （0.823 5）、鳞纹肖蛸Tetragnatha squamata （0.800 9）、锥腹肖蛸（0.794 2）和茶色新圆蛛（0.794 2）。两种茶园前四种天敌中相同的天敌是茶色新圆蛛和锥腹肖蛸。假眼小绿叶蝉在聚块内基本样方数k为1、2、4、8时，随着聚块内基本样方数的增多，聚集分布格局时的扩散系数C不断增大，均匀和随机格局时扩散系数不断减小。聚块内基本样方数k为2、4、8时与k为1时的假眼小绿叶蝉的空间分布聚集程度差异均不显著。假眼小绿叶蝉的种群聚集均数λ多数情况均大于2，其聚集是该虫本身原因引起的，假眼小绿叶蝉在种群聚集均数λ为正值时，随着聚块内基本样方数的增加，则种群聚集均数λ不断增大。用假眼小绿叶蝉不同大小聚块的ρ指数判断个体群聚集时的最小范围是聚块中有1个基本样方，即本文的4 m2。该研究为该虫抽样时确定样方大小提供了科学依据。
关键词 ：假眼小绿叶蝉; 天敌; 空间关系; 聚块样方方差分析; 灰色关联度分析
中图分类号：
Q 968.1
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018456
Spatial relationships between Empoasca vitis and its natural
enemies and determination of optimal sample size
LIU Aiguo1， ZHANG Shuping1，2， BI Shoudong1， YU Yan1，2，LI Shang1，2， YAN Ping1， ZHOU Xiazhi2， ZOU Yunding2
（1. School of Science， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei 230036， China;
2. School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei 230036， China）
Abstract
In order to analyze the closeness of the relationship between the natural enemy and Empoasca vitis Gothe， the reason and the range of agglomeration were analyzed. It helps provide a scientific basis for evaluating the dominant species of natural enemy of E.vitis. By means of block square variance analysis， grey correlation degree method， spatial aggregation intensity index， the population aggregation mean method and ρ index method， the spatial relationships between E.vitis and its natural enemies （seven spiders） were analyzed in ‘Wuniuzao’ and ‘Baihaozao’ tea gardens of Hefei， Anhui province. The correlation degree analysis of the number of blocks at the peak of the mean square deviation of 7 species of spiders and E.vitis showed that the first four natural enemies spatially closely related to E.vitis were Neoscona theisi （0.753 5）， Theridion octomaculatum （0.720 1）， Tetragnatha maxillosa （0.681 3） and Erigonidium graminicolum （0.644 2） in ‘Wuniuzao’ tea garden. In ‘Baihaozao’ tea garden， the first four natural enemies spatially closely related to E.vitis were Clubiona japonicola （0.823 5）， Tetragnatha squamata （0.800 9）， T. maxillosa （0.794 2） and Neoscona theisi （0.794 2）. With the increase of the number of basic samples in the cluster， the diffusion coefficient C increased， and the diffusion coefficient decreased when the distribution pattern was uniform and random. There was no significant difference in the spatial aggregation degree of E.vitis and its natural enemies between k=2， 4， 8 and k=1. In most cases， the population aggregation mean λ was greater than 2， and its aggregation was caused by the insect itself. When the population aggregation mean λ was positive， the natural enemy and E.vitis increased with the increase of the basic sample size in the agglomeration. The aggregation mean λ of the population increased continuously. The minimum range of ρ index required one basic sample in the cluster. For example， it was 4 m2 in this study. It provides a scientific basis for determining the sample size when the insect is sampled.