摘要：自然流域属于典型复杂开放的系统，水文要素的时空变化具有高度非线性的特点，干旱半干旱流域尤其显著。因此，针对干旱半干旱流域降雨径流非线性问题，运用水文非线性时变增益模型（TVGM）、GR4J模型、总径流线性响应模型及线性扰动模型对辽宁省干旱半干旱流域日径流过程进行模拟分析，从2个精度衡量指标对4个模型的应用效果进行较为深入的对比分析，探究这4个模型在干旱半干旱流域降雨径流模拟中的适用性。结果表明：在辽宁省干旱半干旱流域的水文模拟中，TVGM模型适用性最好、GR4J模型次之，两种线性模型适用性较差。TVGM模型引入时变增益因子，综合考虑了土壤湿度、降雨强度等产流的关键要素，其模拟和验证效果都比较理想，体现了该模型的特色和应用价值。
关键词：时变增益模型；GR4J模型；总径流线性响应模型；线性扰动模型；降雨径流模拟
中图分类号：TV213文献标志码：A文章编号：
16721683（2018）04003507
The applicability research of TVGM model in arid and semiarid watersheds of Liaoning Province
WANG Qiang1，XIA Jun1，2，SHE Dunxian1，WANG Fudong3，SUN Yuhua3
（
1.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China；2.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes，Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100101，China；3.Hydrological Bureau of Liaoning Province，Shenyang 110003，China）
Abstract：
Natural watershed is a typical complex open system，and the tempospatial variation of hydrological elements is highly nonlinear especially in arid and semiarid watersheds.Therefore，focusing on the nonlinear relationship between rainfall and runoff in arid and semiarid watersheds，this paper applied the Time Variant Gain Model （TVGM），GR4J，Total Linear Response Model（TLR），and Linear Perturbation Model（LPM） to simulate the daily streamflow in Liaoning Province，China.We compared the application effects of the four models in terms of two accuracy measures to investigate the applicability of these four models in the simulation of rainfall and runoff in arid and semiarid watersheds.The results showed that the TVGM model was the best choice，followed by the GR4J model，whereas the two linear models performed poorly in the hydrological simulation of arid and semiarid watersheds in Liaoning Province.The TVGM model introduced the time variant gain factor and considered the key factors （e.g.，watershed wetness and rainfall intensity） of runoff generation.It presented much more satisfying results than the other models during the calibration and validation periods.This is the characteristic and application value of TVGM model.
Key words：
TVGM model；GR4J model；TLR model；LPM model；rainfallrunoff simulation
徑流过程是降雨通[HJ1.88mm]过流域调节，在时间和空间进行重新分配，即径流过程是流域对降雨的水文响应[1]。由于受到降水时空模式及下垫面因素的影响，降雨径流关系呈现高度非线性。降雨径流转化过程中的非线性关系研究是水文学研究中最为重要的理论问题之一，也一直是国内外水文科学研究的热点问题和前沿课题[26]。